Bibliography - National Security

Little has been published on the Mongolian armed forces. What is available is mainly historical, such as the discussion of the great Mongol conquests of the thirteenth century in History of the Mongolian People's Republic, published by the Soviet Akademia Nauk, and an account of the exploits of the Mongolian People's Army in World War II in the History of the Mongolian People's Republic, available in William A. Brown's and Urgunge Onon's English translation. William R. Heaton's and Kenneth Jarrett's articles in Asian Survey provide insight into the evolving Mongolian perception of the military threat from China. Military Balance [London] each year provides an up-to-date table of organization and equipment for the Mongolian armed forces. Albert P. Blaustein and Gisbert H. Flanz's Constitutions of the Countries of the World and William E. Butler's The Mongolian Legal System provide indispensable information on the legal system.

"Activities Mark Anniversary of Halhyn Gol Victory," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], July 24, July 27, 1984;
     Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], August 15, 1984. Joint Publications
     Research Service, Mongolia Report. (JPRS-
     MON-85-002.) March 24, 1985, 48-52.

Akademia Nauk SSSR. History of the Mongolian People's
     Republic. Moscow: Nauka, Central Department of Oriental
     Literature, 1973.

"Anniversary of Military Newspaper Celebrated," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], February 7, 1984. Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report.
     (JPRS-MON-84-012.) December 20, 1984, 187-91.

"Announcement of Soviet Troop Withdrawal--Cuts in Mongolian
     Forces," Keesing's Record of World Events [London],
     March 1989, 36523.

"Antimissile Defense System Press Conference Held," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], May 15, 1984. Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report.
     (JPRS-MON-84-012.) December 20, 1984, 132-33.

"Army To Be Saluted," Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], March 18, 1989.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-053.) March 21, 1989, 3.

Batmonh, Jambyn. "Renewal," New Times [Moscow], No. 9,
     February 27, 1989, 33-36.

"Batmonh, Rogachev Discuss Troop Withdrawal," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service, [Ulaanbaatar], February 14, 1989.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-030.) February 15, 1989, 6.

Bellamy, Christopher D. "Swift Flight of the Parthian: Great
     Captains of Asia," Military Review, 67, No. 7, July
     1987, 30-39.

"Biographic Information on Mongolian Personalities," Joint
     Publications Research Service, Translations on
     Mongolia, No. 312. (JPRS 73503.) May 21, 1979, 1-2,
     9-11.

"Biographic Information on Mongolian Personalities," Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report, No.
     323. (JPRS 76168.) August 6, 1980, 16.

"Biographic Information on Mongolian Personalities," Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report, No.
     336. (JPRS 79909.) January 21, 1982, 2.

"Biographic Information on Mongolian Personalities," Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report.
     (JPRS-MON-84-007.) May 7, 1984, 4, 11, 28.

"Biographic Information on Officials," Joint Publications
     Research Service, Mongolia Report. (JPRS-
     MON-87-002.) April 15, 1987, 51, 145.

Brown, William A., and Urgunge Onon (trans. and annot.).
     History of Mongolian People's Republic. Harvard
     East Asian Monographs, 65.) Cambridge: East Asian Research
     Center, Harvard University, 1976.

Butler, William E. The Mongolian Legal System: Contemporary
     Legislation and Documentation. The Hague: Martinus
     Nijhoff, 1982.

"Construction Troops Deputy Chief," Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], July
     10, 1978. Joint Publications Research Service,
     Translations on Mongolia, No. 301. (JPRS 71711.)
     August 18, 1978, 16.

Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.

"Correction Camps Chief Holds News Conference," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], June 3, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-89-113.) June 14, 1989, 8.

"Council of Ministers of MPR Organized," Hodolmor
     [Ulaanbaatar], July 3, 1986. Joint Publications Research
     Service, Mongolia Report. (JPRS-MON-87-003.) April
     16, 1987, 46-47.

"Crime on the Descent," Novosti Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar],
     January 22, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-150.) August
     7, 1989, 10-11.

"Defense Assistance Society," Pravda Vostoka [Tashkent],
     December 12, 1978. Joint Publications Research Service,
     Translations on Mongolia, No. 306. (JPRS 72833.)
     February 16, 1979, 25-26.

"Defense Popularization Month," Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], February
     14, 1978. Joint Publications Research Service,
     Translations on Mongolia, No. 299. (JPRS 71058.)
     May 3, 1978, 29.

De Hartog, Leo. "The Army of Genghis Khan." Army Quarterly
     and Defence Journal [Tavistock, Devon, United Kingdom],
     109, No. 4, October 1979, 476-85.

"A Delicate Balancing Act," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], March
     24, 1989, 21-22.

"Division to Leave Mongolia," Krasnaya Zvezda [Moscow],
     January 16, 1987. Joint Publications Research Service,
     USSR Military Affairs. (JPRS-UMA-87-040.) August
     18, 1987, 42.

"Division Withdrawn from Mongolia," Krasnaya Zvezda
     [Moscow], April 11, 1987. (Joint Publications Research
     Service, USSR Military Affairs. (JPRS-UMA-87-037.)
     July 14, 1987, 77.

"Duration of Compulsory Military Service Cut," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], August 29, 1988.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-168.) August 30, 1988, 4.

Europa Yearbook, 1988. London: Europa, 1988.

"15 May Set for Soviet Troop Pullout," Kyodo [Tokyo], May 6,
     1989. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily
     Report: East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-087.) May 8, 1989,
     10-11.

"First Detachments of Soviet Troops Leave," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service, [Ulaanbaatar] May 17, 1989. Foreign
     Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East
     Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-094.) May 17, 1989, 8.

Flanz, Gisbert H., and Karen Shaw Kerpen (eds.). "Mongolian
     People's Republic." In Albert P. Blaustein and Gisbert H.
     Flanz (eds.)," Constitutions of the Countries of the
     World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, February
     1981.

"Forty-fifth Anniversary of Halhyn Gol Victory," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], August 17; August 21, 1984.
     Joint Publications Research Service, Mongolia
     Report. (JPRS-MON-85-005.) May 2, 1985, 77-88.

"General Acknowledges Border Incidents," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service, [Ulaanbaatar], October 3, 1988.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-192.) October 4, 1988, 3.

"General Banchindorj Praises Soviet Army, Navy," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], February 24, 1989. Foreign Broadcast
     Information Service, Daily Report: East Asia.
     (FBIS-EAS-89-039.) March 1, 1989, 4.

"Hazing Reportedly Persists in People's Army," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], May 29, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-89-103.) May 1, 1989, 7.

Heaton, William R. "Mongolia in 1986: New Plan, New Situation,"
     Asian Survey, 27, No. 1, January 1987, 75-80.

Jamiyan, J. "The MPR Auxiliary Defence Association Is 50 Years
     Old," Voyennyye Znaniya [Moscow], No. 7, July 1979.
     Joint Publications Research Service, Mongolia
     Report, No. 318. (JPRS 74698.) December 3, 1979, 11-16.

Jarrett, Kenneth. "Mongolia in 1987--Out from the Cold?"
     Asian Survey, 28, No. 1, January 1988, 78-85.

Keller, Bill. "Gorbachev Promises Big Cut in Military Spending,"
     New York Times, January 19, 1989, A6.

Kuznetsov, I. "Heroes of the Mongolian People's Republic Who
     Participated in the Battles on the Halhyn Gol River,"
     Voyenno-Istoricheskiy Zhurnal [Moscow], No. 9,
     September 1984. Joint Publications Research Service,
     USSR Report: Military Affairs, Military History
     Journal. (JPRS-UMA-85-004.) January 15, 1985, 48-51.

"Leaders Celebrate Army's 68th Anniversary." Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], March 17, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-89-053.) March 21, 1989, 2-3.

The Military Balance. London: International Institute
     for Strategic Studies, 1978-88.

"Military Festivities Held in Ulaanbaatar," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], May 11, 1984. Joint
     Publications Research Service, Mongolia Report.
     (JPRS-MON-84-012.) December 20, 1984, 192-93.

"Military Meeting," Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], November 10, 1982.
     Joint Publications Research Service, Mongolia
     Report, No. 352. (JPRS 82655.) January 17, 1983, 38-39.

"Mongolian Army Feats, Present Vigilance Noted," Krasnaya
     Zvezda [Moscow], March 16, 1979. Joint Publication
     Research Service, Translations on USSR Political and
     Sociological Affairs, No. 948. (JPRS 73270.) April 20,
     1979, 34-35.

"Mongolian Defence Cuts," Jane's Defence Weekly
     [London], March 18, 1989, 447.

"Mongolian Press Suggests Armed Forces Reduction," Far
     Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], January 5, 1989,
     14.

"Mongolians Reported in Cosmonaut Training," Moscow Domestic
     Service [Moscow], March 8, 1978. Joint Publications Research
     Service, USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts:
     Geophysics, Astronomy and Space, No. 418. (JPRS 70878.)
     March 31, 1978, 36.

Morozov, S. "Military Tribunals Conference Held," Krasnaya
     Zvezda [Moscow], March 7, 1987. Joint Publications
     Research Service, USSR Military Affairs. (JPRS-
     UMA-87-037.) July 14, 1987, 76.

"Moscow to Remove More Troops from Mongolia," Far Eastern
     Economic Review [Hong Kong], February 2, 1989, 14.

"MPA Official Writes on Soviet Armed Forces Anniversary,"
     Montsame [Ulaanbaatar], January 27, 1978. Joint Publications
     Research Service, Translations on Mongolia. (JPRS
     70697.) February 28, 1978, 6.

"Namsray Attends Meeting to Mark Legal Profession," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], June 27, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-88-125.) June 29, 1988, 7.

"New Talk--Soviet Troop Withdrawal from Mongolia Not Yet
     Completely Resolved," Hsin Wan Pao [Hong Kong],
     December 10, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: China, (FBIS-CHI-88-238.) December
     12, 1988, 3-4.

Paramonov, V. "The 'Mongolian Peasant' Squadron Attacks,"
     Krasnaya Zvezda [Moscow], October 11, 1983. Joint
     Publications Research Service, USSR Report: Military
     Affairs, No. 1817. (JPRS 84853.) December 1, 1983,
     61-62.

"People's Call for Armed Forces Cut Noted," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], February 13, 1989.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service [Ulaanbaatar],
     Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-029.)
     February 14, 1989, 6.

"Periodic Studies Announced for Security Forces," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], August 18, 1988 Foreign
     Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East
     Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-163.) August 23, 1988, 4.

"Press Conference Held on Defense Aims Month," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], February 14, 1985. Joint Publications
     Research Service, Mongolia Report. (JPRS-
     MON-85-003.) March 18, 1985, 25.

"Public Prosecution Activities Amended," Montsame [Ulaanbaatar],
     March 15, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-051.) March
     16, 1988, 8.

"Renewal and Tasks of Public Security Organs," Novosti
     Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], December 6, 1988. Foreign
     Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East
     Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-057.) March 27, 1989, 9-14.

"Renewal of Law Enforcement Agencies Urged," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], August 23, 1988. Foreign Broadcast
     Information Service, Daily Report: East Asia.
     (FBIS-EAS-88-165.) August 25, 1988, 4.

Sanders, Alan J.K. "Defining the Limits: Sino-Mongolian Treaty
     Signals Improved Ties," Far Eastern Economic Review
     [Hong Kong], December 22, 1988, 18.

------. "Ill Winds of Anarchy: Party Organ Warns Against Misuse
     of Democratisation," Far Eastern Economic Review
     [Hong Kong], March 16, 1989, 21-22.

------. "Mongolia in 1988: Year of Renewal," Asian
     Survey, 29, No. 1, January 1989, 46-53.

------. Mongolia: Politics, Economics, and Society.
     (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner,
     1987.

Sapov, V. "Strategy of Defense," Pravda [Moscow], April
     18, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily
     Report: Soviet Union. (FBIS-SOV-89-075.) April 20,
     1989, 25-27.

"Security Minister Denies Existence of Opposition," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], May 31, 1989. Foreign
     Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East
     Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-105.) June 2, 1989, 13.

"Send-off for Soviet Soldiers," Komsomolskaya Pravda
     [Moscow], April 17, 1987. Joint Publications Research
     Service, USSR Military Affairs. (JPRS-UMA-87-040.)
     August 18, 1987, 42.

"A Solemn Meeting," Novosti Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar],
     March 20, 1984. Joint Publications Research Service,
     Mongolia Report. (JPRS-MON-84-010.) June 27, 1984,
     54-58, 61-63.

"Soviet Delegation; Air Force Personnel Awards," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], May 24, 1985. Joint Publications Research
     Service, Mongolia Report. (JPRS-MON-007.) July 5,
     1985, 17.

"Soviet Troops Begin Withdrawal 15 May," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], May 15, 1989. Foreign
     Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East
     Asia. (FBIS-EAS-89-093.) May 16, 1989, 5.

"Soviets Announce Troop Withdrawal from Mongolia," Far
     Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], March 16, 1989,
     14.

"Soviets to Pull Out from Mongolia 15 May," Xinhua [Beijing], May
     12, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily
     Report: China. (FBIS-CHI-89-092.) May 15, 1989, 22-23.

"Soviets Withdraw Troops, Tanks from Mongolia," Xinhua [Beijing],
     June 1, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: China. (FBIS-CHI-89-104.) June 1,
     1989, 5.

"Statement to China Deals with Soviet Troops in Mongolia,"
     Novosti Mongolii [Ulaanbaatar], March 3, 1984.
     Joint Publications Research Service, Mongolia
     Report. (JPRS-MON-84-012.) December 20, 1984, 185-186.

Troshin, A.I., and Yu. B Gurov. "The Brigade Contract at MPR
     Construction Projects," Ekonomika Stroitel'stva
     [Moscow], No. 2, February 1979. Joint Publications Research
     Service, Translations on Mongolia, No. 311. (JPRS
     73249.) April 18, 1979, 21-27.

"Tsedenbal Urges Vigilance Against PRC Threat in Speech to USSR
     Troops," Pravda [Moscow], May 11, 1978. Joint
     Publications Research Service, Translations on
     Mongolia, No. 301. (JPRS 71711.) August 18, 1978, 3-5.

"Unen Reflects on Choybalsan Place in History," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], December 19, 1988.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-246.) December 22, 1988, 4.

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs.
     Background Notes: Mongolia. (Department of State
     Publication, No. 8318.) Washington: May 1987.

"When the Policy Remains Unchanged . . .," Unen
     [Ulaanbaatar], October 30, 1979. Joint Publications Research
     Service, Mongolia Report, No. 325. (JPRS 76562.)
     October 7, 1980, 24-37.

"Work of Law Enforcement Agencies Viewed," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], July 28, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-88-149.) August 3, 1988, 3-4.

"Yondon Announces Armed Forces Reduction," Montsame
     [Ulaanbaatar], March 4, 1989. Foreign Broadcast Information
     Service, Daily Report: East Asia. (FBIS-
     EAS-89-042.) March 6, 1989, 8.

"Yondon on Soviet Troop Withdrawal Announcement," Ulaanbaatar
     International Service [Ulaanbaatar], December 10, 1988.
     Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
     East Asia. (FBIS-EAS-88-238.) December 12, 1988, 8.

Zorig, D. "An Active Promoter of Health Care," Mongolia
     [Ulaanbaatar], Nos. 2-3 (65-66), 1982, 26-27.

    (Various issues of the following publication were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Association for Asian
Studies, Bibliography of Asian Studies.)